Comparative Analysis of Urban Tourism in Jakarta, Indonesia, and Sanya, Hainan, China, in Relation to Indonesian Tourist Satisfaction
Abstract
The growth of urban tourism has encouraged the development of this sector in major cities worldwide, including Jakarta, Indonesia, and Sanya, Hainan, China. This study analyzes and compares urban tourism in the two cities in relation to Indonesian tourist satisfaction. It uses a quantitative approach and structural equation modeling (SEM), with data analyzed using SmartPLS 3.2.9. Data were collected through purposive sampling using Google Forms questionnaires completed by 220 respondents who had visited urban tourism destinations in Jakarta and Sanya. The results show that Jakarta’s leading urban tourism concepts are the cultural city, represented by Setu Babakan, and the resort city, represented by Hotel Borobudur Jakarta. In Sanya, the leading concepts are the tourist-historic city, represented by Nanshan Buddhist Cultural Park; the fantasy city, represented by Tianya Haijiao; and the creative city, represented by Yiheng Night Market. Urban ecotourism at Pantai Indah Kapuk Mangrove Forest in Jakarta and Daxiao Dongtian Park in Sanya significantly affected Indonesian tourists’ satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of applying urban tourism concepts in ways that reflect tourists’ preferences and needs to enhance satisfaction.
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Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publication
Subhaktiyasa, P. G. (2024). Menentukan Populasi dan Sampel: Pendekatan Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 9(4), 2721–2731. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v9i4.2657
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Hidayat, R., Ismariati, R., & Apriliandini, Y. (2019). Connecting Identity and Image of City Branding in Kota Tua (Old City) Jakarta. IBIMA Business Review, 2019, 1-10.
Hu, T., & Chen, H. (2023). Identifying Coastal Cities from the Perspective of “Identity-Structure-Meaning”: A Study of Urban Tourism Imagery in Sanya, China. Sustainability, 15(21), 15365. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115365
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Kurniasari, K. K., Perdana, B. E. G., Putra, R. A. S., & Iban, C. (2024). Persepsi Generasi Z Terhadap Pariwisata Berkelanjutan Pada Destinasi Budaya: Studi Kasus Borobudur: Jurnal Pariwisata Terapan, 8(1), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpt.95415
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Mbulu, Y. P., Widjaja, D., & Samuel, S. (2023). Moment of Truth: Hotel Operation in The New Normal Time Towards Customer Loyalty Mediated by Customer Satisfaction. Jurnal Kepariwisataan: Destinasi, Hospitalitas dan Perjalanan, 7(1), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.34013/jk.v7i1.781
Musthofa, B. M., Pranita, D., Nanda, S. S., & Koo, C. (2025). Urban Political Economies of Sustainable Tourism: Comparing Jakarta and Seoul. JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies), 13(2), 289-324. https://doi.org/10.21512/jas.v13i2.14403
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Sakulsom, A. (2026). TIKTOK, GEN Z, AND THE OVERTOURISM DILEMMA. ENLIGHTENING TOURISM. A PATHMAKING JOURNAL, 16(1), 13-39.
San Felipe, J. D. (2023). From being a resettlement area to tourist destination? The urban growth and tourism development of the city of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations, 11(2), 6–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7885942
Su, X., Spierings, B., & Hooimeijer, P. (2022). Different urban settings affect multi-dimensional tourist-resident interactions. Tourism Geographies, 24(4-5), 815-836.
Urošević, M., Stanojević, M., & Đorđević, D. (2023). Urban tourism destinations in the world. Economic Themes, 61(3), 343–364. https://doi.org/10.2478/ethemes-2023-0018
Utami, H., & Young, F. C. (2025). Revitalizing Cultural Heritage Buildings to Enrich Urban Tourism Experiences: A Qualitative Case Study in Jakarta. Indonesian Journal of Management and Economic Research, 2(01), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.70508/v57hj431
Widaningsih, T. T., Ronda, M., Diana, R., & Rahayunianto, A. (2019). Carrying capacity of Betawi Setu Babakan cultural tourism area a case study in South Jakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 22(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.9734/JEMT/2019/45532
Żemła, M. (2024). European historic cities and overtourism–conflicts and development paths in the light of systematic literature review. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 10(1), 353-372. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-07-2023-0140
Authors
Mbulu, Y. P., Nasir, S. Z., Widuri, L. P., Ahmad Zaenu Siyam Musyafa, Adinda Fadia Rahma, Khalishah Humaira, & M.M.M. Jovita Teesen. (2026). Comparative Analysis of Urban Tourism in Jakarta, Indonesia, and Sanya, Hainan, China, in Relation to Indonesian Tourist Satisfaction. International Journal of Sustainable Competitiveness on Tourism, 5(02), 159–179. https://doi.org/10.34013/ijscot.v5i02.2495
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