Hospitality Employee Voice via Sustainable Performance Management Empowerment and Ethical Leadership Impact
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Abstract
This study examines if Sustainable Performance Management Systems (SPMS) enhance Employee Voice Behavior (EVB) through the mediating role of Psychological Empowerment (PE), moderated by Ethical Leadership (EL). This integrated framework extends previous research by unveiling mechanisms that translate sustainable tools into staff voice. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was conducted utilizing a sample of 300 frontline hotel employees in Greater Bandung selected via stratified random sampling, with data analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The empirical findings reveal that SPMS exerts a significant, positive direct effect on both PE and EVB, thereby supporting Hypotheses 1 and 2. Moreover, mediation analysis confirms that PE significantly bridges the relationship between SPMS and EVB, establishing its role as a statistical mediator. Finally, the moderated-mediation interaction effect of EL is negative and significant, demonstrating that higher ethical leadership levels statistically attenuate the magnitude of the positive relationship between PE and EVB. In conclusion, building a sustainable hospitality brand requires the strategic design of performance frameworks that psychologically enable employees while balancing ethical stewardship with workplace autonomy, ultimately enhancing long-term operational sustainability and service innovation.
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